Passive Voice & Causative Have
kalimat pasif
(passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object
kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive
voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan
tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice
merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil
every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized
by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini
dapat kita lihat bahwa:
Object dari
active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
Subject dari
active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa
terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
Verb1
(fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
Ditambahkannya
be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject
passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di
bawah).
Ditambahkannya
kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap
tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan
begitu pula kata ‘by’.
Khusus untuk
kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future,
dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3).
Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan
progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan
keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by +
Object + modifier
Pola active dan
passive voice pada tiap tenses
a.
Jika active voice dalam simple present
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
· Active : He meets them everyday.
· Passive : They are met by him everyday.
b.
Jika active voice dalam simple past
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
· Active : He met them yesterday
· Passive : They were met by him yesterday
c.
Jika active voice dalam present perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary
has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He has met them
· Passive : They have been met by him
d.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary
had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
· Active : He had met them before I came.
· Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
e.
Jika active voice dalam simple future
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
· Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
· Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
f.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah beenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliary
will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
· Active : He will have met them before I get there
tomorrow.
· Passive : They will have been met by him before I get
there tomorrow.
g.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahbeen yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
· Active : He would have met them.
· Passive : They would have been met by him.
h.
Jika active voice dalam present
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He is meeting them now.
· Passive : They are being met by him now.
i.
Jika active voice dalam past continuous
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He was meeting them.
· Passive : They were being met by him.
j.
Jika active voice dalam perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He has been meeting them.
· Passive : They have been being met by him.
k.
Jika active voice dalam past perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He had been meeting them.
· Passive : They had been being met by him.
l.
Jika active voice dalam future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will be meeting them.
· Passive : They will be being met by him.
m.
Jika active voice dalam past future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
. Active : He would be meeting them.
. Passive : They would be being met by him.
n.
Jika active voice dalam future perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
· Active : He will have been meeting them.
· Passive : They will have been being met by him.
o.
Jika active voice dalam past future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been +
being.
Contoh:
· Active : He would be meeting them.
· Passive : They would be being met by him.
exercise :
1. Koko’s nose
is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose.
2. The
Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team.
3. These plants
were watered by my sister a few minutes ago.
4. There is no
meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes.
5. English is
studied by all high school students.
Causative Have
bentuk aktif dan
bentuk pasif
Have bentuk
aktif.
rumusnya :
Subject + have/has/had + Object1 + V1 + Object2
Dalam Causative
have bentuk aktif ini, akan ada subjek dan 2buah objek, objek yang pertama
adalah orang/benda hidup yang akan disuruh dan yang kedua adalah benda matinya.
Contohnya:
1. I have the
mechanic repair my car.
(saya menyuruh
montir memperbaiki mobil saya.)
Disini “I”
sebagai subjeknya, dan “the mechanic” sebagai objek pertamanya yang disuruh
oleh si “I”, dan “my car” adalah objek keduanya(benda mati).
2. Mother has
her son do homework.
(Ibu menyuruh
anaknya mengerjakan PR.)
3. She has her
friend take her book.
(dia menyuruh
temannya mengambil bukunya.)
Exercise :
1. We had our treasury Bought our new books yesterday.
2. She has her mom cooked dinner for her.
3. He had his
brother done his homework last night .
4. Tom is having
Bill written the report at the moment.
5. Mike has Jenni saved
his data.
SUMBER :
http://indexof911.blogspot.com/2011/12/belajar-bahasa-inggris-causative-have.html, diakses pada 27 Juli 2016
http://aephidayat.blogspot.com/2011/05/causative-verb-have.html, diakses pada 27 Juli 2016
http://gatotbukankaca.weebly.com/bahasa-inggris-2--d.html, diakses pada 27 Juli 2016
http://gineungprtdina.blogspot.co.id/
http://gineungprtdina.blogspot.co.id/
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